Recently, our understanding of lipid metabolism has significantly advanced, at least in part through applying state-of-the-art lipidomic mass spectrometry approaches to cellular, cohort and animal models. A large body of evidence now exists demonstrating that bioactive lipids play key roles in regulation of biological processes important for health and disease. However, lipidomics also reveals major gaps in our knowledge, highlighting the enormous numbers and functional and structural diversity of bioactive lipids, their interactions, spatial and temporal changes and the complicated systems biology of lipid metabolism. This Keystone Symposia conference covers areas of bioactive lipid research that have been particularly impacted by these new technologies, which may have the potential to transform precision medicine. The conference covers recent progress and perspectives in the study of bioactive lipid metabolic pathways, how these interconnect and are cross-regulated, and their involvement in the regulation of disease. The conference brings together outstanding senior and junior scientists with expertise in functions of bioactive lipids as well as those with a background in mass spectrometry lipidomics, structural biology and systems biology of lipids. Goals and anticipated outcomes are: 1) To summarize new approaches and state-of-the-art mass spectrometry technology. combined with informatics and statistics, in bioactive lipid research and to gain broad understanding of their limitations and potential application to precision medicine; 2) To acquire a broader understanding of how lipidomics can be integrated with proteomics/genomics and other ‘omics technologies to develop a systems-wide view of the lipidome; 3) To gain new knowledge in spatial and temporal interactions of bioactive lipids in cellular and subcellular systems, to better understand their functions in health and diseases; and 4) To present recent findings on the biological importance of newly discovered lipids and their roles in immunity and inflammation.