Recent and preceding pandemics and epidemics have dramatically shown the capacity of respiratory virus infections to impact public health and bring society to a standstill. Inflammation takes centre stage as it is an important part of the anti-viral response and also sets up subsequent adaptive immune responses and repair, but potentially increases tissue damage and impairs or delays tissue regeneration. The goals of this meeting are: 1) To understand better how inflammation enhances or impedes tissue repair and regeneration; 2) to identify immune mediators that tip the balance between immunopathology and protection and to understand underlying mechanisms; 3) to discuss the role of innate immune cells in driving the inflammatory response and initiating adaptive immunity; 4) to investigate how the crosstalk between immune and nonimmune cells in the lung affects disease outcome; 5) to highlight new avenues and novel targets for treatment of viral infections. Bringing together experts in the host response to viral infections with scientists working on lung development, repair and regeneration will generate synergies that are not normally achieved in single specialised meetings. Coordination with the parallel meeting “From First Breath: Lung Development, Infection, Repair and Aging” will allow participants to bridge the gap between classical antiviral responses carried out by innate and adaptive immune cells, and the involvement of other lung cells such as epithelia and stroma cells, and to deepen the understanding on how these cells interact. Cross-disciplinary interaction will help foster collaborations and develop new angles of treatment of diseases caused by lung infections.