The response of the central nervous system to injury and disease is a complex physiological process that involves the coordinated actions of many different cell types. The interplay of neural cells and vascular cells along with the innate and adaptive immune systems determines the response to different injury and disease stimuli and whether the central nervous system will repair or degenerate. Understanding this complex cellular environment is essential to understanding disease pathogenesis, elucidating underlying disease etiology, and developing treatments for neurological and psychiatric diseases. The goal of this conference will be to bring together people who study different aspects of neurological diseases and facilitate the interchange of ideas necessary for identifying new mechanisms underlying complex intercellular interactions in the diseased nervous system. This will include people who study resident neural cells (neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes), vascular cells (blood-brain barrier, lymphatics, glymphatics) and immune cells (microglia, innate peripheral immune cells, adaptive immune cells) in the context of a variety of neurodegenerative, neuroinflammatory, and neuropsychiatric diseases. Further, we will also attract people who implement different techniques including genetic mouse models, human iPSCs, invertebrate models, imaging, cell biology, and behavior in their research which will further facilitate exchange of ideas and foster collaboration. With the combined expertise at this conference, we will accelerate our ability to understand the complex neural response to injury and disease, which is a necessary step towards developing novel therapeutics for complex neurological diseases.