Cell competition is a fundamental feature of biology across evolution, contributing to morphogenesis, tissue homeostasis, and disease, including clonal evolution in cancer, regeneration failure, aging, and responses to microbial infection. This conference unites cross-disciplinary scientists to present cutting-edge data and technical approaches in model systems over an evolutionary scale: bacteria, early chordates, Drosophila, zebrafish, mouse, human organoids, and patient tissues. These insights will reveal actionable therapeutic targets and biomarkers to modulate competitive dynamics in the clinic. Our goal is to establish cell competition as a framework informing normal biology, organismal development, and disease.