Plants constantly adapt to dynamic environmental and developmental cues, requiring rapid and precise responses. A critical component of this adaptability is receptor kinases (RKs), a vastly expanded protein family in plants playing central roles in essential processes such as growth, reproduction, immunity, and stress responses. However, while functional and mechanistic knowledge has accumulated for some members of the family, many plant RKs remain uncharacterized, creating a knowledge gap that limits advances in agriculture and ecosystem management. This Keystone Symposium will bring together leading experts and emerging investigators to present cutting-edge research on RK signaling mechanisms, evolutionary origins, and applications in plant resilience. The meeting will highlight important discoveries in RK-mediated hormone and peptide perception, biotic and abiotic stress sensing, and their impact on crop performance and global food security. By integrating diverse experimental approaches, including structural biology, high-throughput functional genomics, and synthetic biology, the symposium will stimulate new research directions that could generate novel paradigms, extend from or even challenge existing paradigms. A key feature of this meeting is its cross-disciplinary scope, uniting molecular biologists, geneticists, ecologists, and agricultural scientists to foster collaborations that bridge fundamental and applied research. With a strong commitment to global representation, we will recruit speakers and attendees worldwide at different career stages, ensuring a rich exchange of ideas. This symposium will not only propel RK research forward but also establish a foundation for future Keystone meetings on plant receptor biology, strengthening the scientific community and its impact on sustainable agriculture.